INTRODUCTION

DATA MODELS

RELATIONAL LANGUAGE AND RELATIONAL MODEL

DATABASE CONSTRAINTS AND NORMALIZATION

FILE STRUCTURE AND HASHING

QUERY PROCESSING AND OPTIMIZATION

TRANSACTION PROCESSING AND CONCURRENCY CONTROL-DBMS

CRASH RECOVERY

ADVANCED DATABASE CONCEPT

PRACTICAL-LAB WORK DBMS

PRACTICE QUESTION - ER DIAGRAM

OLD QUESTION BANK-DBMS-IOE

Introduction and Application

INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,APPLICATION AND ADVABTAGES

1. Data

Raw facts and figures that have no meaning on their own.

  • Example: Names, numbers, dates, etc. (e.g., "John", 25, "2025-05-12").

2. Database

An organized collection of related data stored in a structured way.

  • Example: A table storing customer information with columns like Name, Age, Email.
     
  • Purpose: To store and manage data efficiently for retrieval and manipulation.

3. DBMS (Database Management System)

Software used to create, manage, and interact with databases.

  • Example: MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQLite.
     
  • Functions:
     
    • Data storage and retrieval
       
    • Security and access control
       
    • Data backup and recovery
       
    • Concurrency control
       

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that enables users to interact with a database. A database is a structured collection of data that is organized and stored in a way that allows for efficient retrieval, management, and manipulation of the data. DBMS provides an interface for users and applications to interact with the database, ensuring data integrity, security, and efficient management.

Applications of DBMS:

  • Business and Finance: DBMS is extensively used in businesses for managing customer information, financial transactions, inventory, and other critical data.
  • Healthcare: Patient records, medical history, and healthcare management systems rely on DBMS for efficient storage and retrieval of information.
  • Education: Educational institutions use DBMS for student records, course management, grading systems, and scheduling.
  • E-commerce: Online retailers use DBMS to manage product catalogs, customer information, and order processing.
  • Government: Government agencies use DBMS for managing citizen information, tax records, and various administrative tasks.

Advantages of DBMS

1. Data Redundancy Control

Databases help minimize data redundancy by storing data in a centralized manner, where each piece of data is stored only once. This reduces the unnecessary duplication of data across different systems and applications, ensuring consistency and saving storage space.

2. Data Integrity

Databases ensure data integrity by enforcing rules and constraints on the data, such as primary keys, foreign keys, and unique constraints. This guarantees that the data remains accurate, consistent, and reliable over time.

3. Data Security

Advanced DBMSs provide robust security features to protect data from unauthorized access and breaches. This includes user authentication, access controls, encryption, and auditing capabilities to monitor and manage who accesses and manipulates the data.

4. Data Consistency

By maintaining a single source of truth, databases ensure that all users and applications see a consistent view of the data. This consistency is critical for making accurate business decisions and running reliable applications.

5. Data Sharing

Databases allow multiple users to access and manipulate data simultaneously, facilitating data sharing across departments and applications. This promotes collaboration and ensures that everyone in the organization is working with up-to-date information.