INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORK

PHYSICAL LAYER

DATA LINK LAYER

NETWORK LAYER

TRANSPORT LAYER

MCQ- COMPUTER NETWORK

APPLICATION LAYER

NETWORK SECURITY

MULTIMEDIA AND FUTURE NETWORKING

COMPUTER NETWORK LAB WORK

Application Layer

APPLICATION LAYER MCQ || COMPUTER NETWORK

  • Question: What is the primary function of the Application Layer in the OSI model?

A) Data Link

B) Session

C) Presentation

D) Provide network services to end-users

Answer: D) Provide network services to end-users

  • Question: Which of the following protocols operates at the Application Layer?

A) TCP

B) HTTP

C) IP

D) ICMP

Answer: B) HTTP

  • Question: What does SMTP stand for in the context of the Application Layer?

A) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

B) Secure Multimedia Transmission Protocol

C) Server Mail Transfer Protocol

D) System Message Transmission Protocol

Answer: A) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

  • Question: Which Application Layer protocol is commonly used for file transfer?

A) FTP

B) SNMP

C) DNS

D) DHCP

Answer: A) FTP

  • Question: What is the purpose of the HTTP protocol in the Application Layer?

A) File transfer

B) Web page retrieval

C) Email communication

D) Remote login

Answer: B) Web page retrieval

  • Question: Which of the following is not an Application Layer protocol?

A) SMTP

B) UDP

C) HTTP

D) POP3

Answer: B) UDP

  • Question: What does DNS stand for in the context of the Application Layer?

A) Dynamic Network Services

B) Domain Name System

C) Distributed Naming Service

D) Data Networking Security

Answer: B) Domain Name System

  • Question: Which protocol is commonly used for real-time communication in the Application Layer?

A) HTTP

B) FTP

C) SIP

D) SNMP

Answer: C) SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

  • Question: In the context of the Application Layer, what does API stand for?

A) Application Programming Interface

B) Advanced Protocol Interaction

C) Automated Program Invocation

D) Application Processing Interface

Answer: A) Application Programming Interface

  • Question: What is the primary role of the Presentation Layer in the OSI model?

A) Ensuring reliable data transfer

B) Providing encryption and compression

C) Managing sessions between applications

D) Establishing network connections

Answer: B) Providing encryption and compression


 

Web (HTTP & HTTPS), 

  • Question: What does HTTP stand for in the context of web communication?
    • A) Hypertext Transfer Protocol
    • B) Hypertext Transmission Protocol
    • C) High-Level Text Protocol
    • D) Hyperlink and Text Transfer Protocol
    • Answer: A) Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • Question: Which port number is commonly associated with HTTP?
    • A) 80
    • B) 443
    • C) 21
    • D) 22
    • Answer: A) 80
  • Question: What is the primary purpose of HTTPS in web communication?
    • A) Handling file transfers
    • B) Encrypting data for secure communication
    • C) Controlling access to a website
    • D) Managing domain name resolutions
    • Answer: B) Encrypting data for secure communication
  • Question: Which of the following protocols ensures secure data transmission over the web?
    • A) HTTP
    • B) FTP
    • C) HTTPS
    • D) SMTP
    • Answer: C) HTTPS
  • Question: What encryption protocol is commonly used by HTTPS for secure communication?
    • A) TLS (Transport Layer Security)
    • B) SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
    • C) IPsec (Internet Protocol Security)
    • D) SSH (Secure Shell)
    • Answer: A) TLS (Transport Layer Security)
  • Question: In the URL "https://www.example.com," what does "https" indicate?
    • A) Hyperlink Transfer Protocol
    • B) Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
    • C) High-Level Text Processing System
    • D) Hypermedia Transmission Standard
    • Answer: B) Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
  • Question: Which HTTP method is used to request data from a server?
    • A) POST
    • B) GET
    • C) PUT
    • D) DELETE
    • Answer: B) GET
  • Question: What is the purpose of the HTTP status code "404"?
    • A) Unauthorized access
    • B) Internal Server Error
    • C) Not Found
    • D) OK
    • Answer: C) Not Found
  • Question: What role does the User-Agent header play in HTTP communication?
    • A) Identifying the client application
    • B) Specifying the server IP address
    • C) Controlling access permissions
    • D) Managing session persistence
    • Answer: A) Identifying the client application
  • Question: Which HTTP header field is used to negotiate the acceptable content types between the client and server?
    • A) Content-Encoding
    • B) Content-Type
    • C) Accept
    • D) User-Agent


 

File Transfer (FTP, PuTTY, Win SCP), 

  • Question: What does FTP stand for in the context of file transfer?

A) File Transfer Protocol

B) Fast Text Processing

C) Forwarding Transmission Protocol

D) File Type Placeholder

Answer: A) File Transfer Protocol

  • Question: Which port is commonly used for FTP data transfer?

A) 20

B) 21

C) 22

D) 23

Answer: A) 20

  • Question: PuTTY is commonly used for which type of communication?

A) Video Conferencing

B) Secure Shell (SSH) and Telnet

C) File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

D) Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Answer: B) Secure Shell (SSH) and Telnet

  • Question: Which of the following is a graphical SFTP client for Windows?

A) PuTTY

B) WinSCP

C) FileZilla

D) Tera Term

Answer: B) WinSCP

  • Question: In WinSCP, what does SFTP stand for?

A) Secure File Transfer Protocol

B) Simple File Transfer Protocol

C) Speedy File Transfer Protocol

D) Standard File Transfer Protocol

Answer: A) Secure File Transfer Protocol

  • Question: What is the default port for SSH, commonly used with PuTTY?

A) 20

B) 21

C) 22

D) 23

Answer: C) 22

  • Question: Which protocol does WinSCP use for secure file transfers?

A) FTP

B) SCP

C) SFTP

D) HTTP

Answer: C) SFTP

  • Question: Which PuTTY tool is used to generate SSH keys for secure authentication?

A) PuTTYgen

B) PuTTYKey

C) PuTTYSSH

D) PuTTYSecure

Answer: A) PuTTYgen

  • Question: What is the main purpose of PuTTY in file transfer?

A) Secure Shell (SSH) connections

B) Graphical file management

C) Simple File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) transfers

D) Telnet sessions

Answer: A) Secure Shell (SSH) connections

  • Question: What authentication method is commonly used in SFTP for secure file transfers?

A) Username and password

B) Public key authentication

C) Biometric authentication

D) MAC address authentication

Answer: B) Public key authentication


 

Electronic Mail,

  • Question: What does SMTP stand for in the context of email communication?

A) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

B) Secure Mail Transmission Process

C) Server Mail Transfer Protocol

D) System Message Transfer Process

Answer: A) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

  • Question: Which protocol is commonly used for receiving emails from a server?

A) SMTP

B) POP3

C) IMAP

D) HTTP

Answer: B) POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)

  • Question: What is the primary purpose of MIME in email communication?

A) Managing email accounts

B) Encrypting email content

C) Defining multimedia content types

D) Controlling spam messages

Answer: C) Defining multimedia content types

  • Question: In the email address "user@example.com," what does "example.com" represent?

A) User's username

B) Email server name

C) Email subject

D) Email attachment

Answer: B) Email server name

  • Question: Which email protocol allows users to access their mailbox from multiple devices while keeping messages synchronized?

A) SMTP

B) POP3

C) IMAP

D) HTTP

Answer: C) IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

  • Question: What is the purpose of the CC field in an email message?

A) Carbon Copy

B) Copy Control

C) Content Copy

D) Contact Check

Answer: A) Carbon Copy

  • Question: Which email feature is used to verify the identity of the sender and ensure message integrity?

A) S/MIME

B) BCC

C) SPF

D) TLS

Answer: A) S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)

  • Question: What does "BCC" stand for in the context of email addressing?

A) Blind Carbon Copy

B) Bold Content Copy

C) Broadcast Communication Code

D) Base64 Compression Code

Answer: A) Blind Carbon Copy

  • Question: Which protocol is commonly used for sending and receiving emails securely over the internet?

A) FTP

B) HTTP

C) SMTPS

D) STARTTLS

Answer: C) SMTPS (Secure SMTP)

  • Question: What is the purpose of the "Reply All" function in email clients?

A) Reply to the sender only

B) Reply to multiple recipients

C) Reply with an attachment

D) Reply with high priority

Answer: B) Reply to multiple recipients


 

DNS, 

  • Question: What is the main purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

A) Encrypting internet traffic

B) Resolving domain names to IP addresses

C) Securing email communication

D) Managing file transfers

Answer: B) Resolving domain names to IP addresses

  • Question: Which DNS record type is used to associate an IP address with a domain name?

A) MX (Mail Exchange)

B) NS (Name Server)

C) A (Address)

D) CNAME (Canonical Name)

Answer: C) A (Address)

  • Question: What is the function of the Recursive DNS Server in the DNS hierarchy?

A) Resolving domain names locally

B) Querying authoritative DNS servers

C) Caching DNS records

D) Assigning IP addresses to devices

Answer: A) Resolving domain names locally

  • Question: Which DNS record type is used to specify mail servers for the domain?

A) A (Address)

B) PTR (Pointer)

C) MX (Mail Exchange)

D) CNAME (Canonical Name)

Answer: C) MX (Mail Exchange)

  • Question: What is the purpose of a DNS zone file?

A) Encrypting DNS traffic

B) Storing DNS configuration information for a domain

C) Mapping domain names to IP addresses

D) Controlling access to DNS servers

Answer: B) Storing DNS configuration information for a domain

  • Question: Which DNS record type is used to map an IP address to a domain name (reverse DNS)?

A) A (Address)

B) NS (Name Server)

C) PTR (Pointer)

D) SOA (Start of Authority)

Answer: C) PTR (Pointer)

  • Question: What is the purpose of the TTL (Time-to-Live) value in a DNS record?

A) Time taken to resolve a domain name

B) Time until the DNS server updates its records

C) Time during which a DNS record is considered valid

D) Time to establish a connection to a DNS server

Answer: C) Time during which a DNS record is considered valid

  • Question: What is the role of the Root DNS Servers in the DNS hierarchy?

A) Resolve specific domain names

B) Store domain registration information

C) Manage top-level domains (TLDs)

D) Handle mail exchange requests

Answer: C) Manage top-level domains (TLDs)

  • Question: Which transport protocol is commonly used for DNS communication?

A) HTTP

B) FTP

C) UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

D) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Answer: C) UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

  • Question: What is the purpose of the SOA (Start of Authority) record in a DNS zone file?

A) Specify authoritative DNS servers for the domain

B) Identify the domain's mail exchange servers

C) Define the domain's IP address

D) Set the time-to-live (TTL) for DNS records

Answer: A) Specify authoritative DNS servers for the domain


 

P2P Applications, 

  • Question: What is the primary characteristic of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications?

A) Centralized server architecture

B) Hierarchical network structure

C) Distributed sharing of resources

D) Point-to-Point communication

Answer: C) Distributed sharing of resources

  • Question: Which P2P application is commonly used for sharing files over the internet?

A) BitTorrent

B) Skype

C) WhatsApp

D) Dropbox

Answer: A) BitTorrent

  • Question: In a P2P network, what role does a "seed" play in file sharing?

A) Initiates the P2P connection

B) Provides initial file chunks to downloaders

C) Manages network routing

D) Encrypts file transfers

Answer: B) Provides initial file chunks to downloaders

  • Question: Which protocol is commonly used for communication in P2P file-sharing networks?

A) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

B) HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

C) UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

D) Gnutella Protocol

Answer: D) Gnutella Protocol

  • Question: What is the purpose of a "tracker" in the context of P2P file sharing?

A) Encrypting file transfers

B) Indexing and managing shared files

C) Initiating peer-to-peer connections

D) Securing network traffic

Answer: C) Initiating peer-to-peer connections

  • Question: Which P2P application is known for its use in voice and video communication over the internet?

A) BitTorrent

B) Skype

C) Ares Galaxy

D) eMule

Answer: B) Skype

  • Question: What is the primary advantage of P2P networks in terms of scalability?

A) Centralized control

B) Low latency

C) Redundancy

D) Increased number of nodes

Answer: D) Increased number of nodes

  • Question: Which P2P application is focused on sharing music files and has faced legal challenges for copyright infringement?

A) BitTorrent

B) LimeWire

C) Kazaa

D) BearShare

Answer: C) Kazaa

  • Question: What security measure is often implemented in P2P applications to protect against malicious files?

A) Firewalls

B) Encryption

C) Digital signatures

D) Antivirus software

Answer: B) Encryption

  • Question: In P2P networks, what does the term "leecher" refer to?

A) High-speed file downloader

B) Initiator of P2P connections

C) User with low upload contribution

D) Seed in a file-sharing network

Answer: C) User with low upload contribution


 

Socket Programming, 

  • Question: What is a socket in the context of networking?

A) A hardware device for data transmission

B) A software interface for file operations

C) An endpoint for sending or receiving data across a computer network

D) A type of firewall for network security

Answer: C) An endpoint for sending or receiving data across a computer network

  • Question: Which of the following protocols is commonly used for socket programming on the Internet?

A) HTTP

B) FTP

C) TCP/IP

D) UDP

Answer: C) TCP/IP

  • Question: In socket programming, what is the role of a server socket?

A) Initiating a connection

B) Handling incoming connections

C) Sending data to clients

D) Closing the connection

Answer: B) Handling incoming connections

  • Question: Which socket type provides a connection-oriented, reliable communication in socket programming?

A) Stream socket

B) Datagram socket

C) Raw socket

D) Sequential socket

Answer: A) Stream socket

  • Question: What is the primary function of the bind system call in socket programming?

A) Initiating a connection

B) Allocating memory for data transfer

C) Associating a socket with a specific address and port

D) Closing the socket

Answer: C) Associating a socket with a specific address and port

  • Question: Which socket option allows a server to reuse the same port immediately after termination?

A) SO_REUSEADDR

B) SO_KEEPALIVE

C) SO_SNDBUF

D) SO_RCVBUF

Answer: A) SO_REUSEADDR

  • Question: What is the purpose of the listen system call in socket programming?

A) Sending data

B) Receiving data

C) Initiating a connection

D) Marking the socket as passive, ready to accept incoming connections

Answer: D) Marking the socket as passive, ready to accept incoming connections

  • Question: Which socket function is used to establish a connection in a client program?

A) accept

B) connect

C) bind

D) listen

Answer: B) connect

  • Question: What does the accept system call do in socket programming?

A) Initiates a connection

B) Sends data

C) Waits for an incoming connection and accepts it

D) Closes the connection

Answer: C) Waits for an incoming connection and accepts it

  • Question: Which protocol is often used with datagram sockets for connectionless communication?

A) TCP

B) UDP

C) IP

D) ICMP

Answer: B) UDP


 

Application server concept, and 

  • Question: What is the primary role of an Application Server in a network architecture?

A) Hosting websites

B) Managing databases

C) Executing and managing business logic and applications

D) Controlling network security

Answer: C) Executing and managing business logic and applications

  • Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of an Application Server?

A) Provides only static content

B) Primarily handles file transfers

C) Executes server-side scripts and business logic

D) Manages network routing

Answer: C) Executes server-side scripts and business logic

  • Question: What is the key distinction between a web server and an application server?

A) Web servers handle only static content, while application servers handle dynamic content and business logic.

B) Web servers manage databases, while application servers manage file transfers.

C) Web servers focus on security, while application servers focus on network routing.

D) Web servers handle both client-side and server-side scripting, while application servers only handle client-side scripting.

Answer: A) Web servers handle only static content, while application servers handle dynamic content and business logic.

  • Question: In a three-tier architecture, what is the role of the Application Server tier?

A) Handling client requests and presenting the user interface

B) Managing databases and data storage

C) Executing business logic and application processing

D) Managing network security

Answer: C) Executing business logic and application processing

  • Question: Which protocol is commonly used for communication between web servers and application servers?

A) HTTP

B) FTP

C) SMTP

D) TCP

Answer: A) HTTP

  • Question: What is connection pooling in the context of Application Servers?

A) Managing network connections between servers

B) Storing database connections for reuse, improving performance

C) Controlling access permissions to applications

D) Load balancing for incoming requests

Answer: B) Storing database connections for reuse, improving performance

  • Question: Which of the following is NOT a typical task of an Application Server?

A) Load balancing

B) Database management

C) Session management

D) HTML rendering

Answer: D) HTML rendering

  • Question: What is the purpose of clustering in Application Server environments?

A) Dividing server resources for better efficiency

B) Combining multiple servers to work as a single logical unit for increased availability and performance

C) Managing network security

D) Executing client-side scripts

Answer: B) Combining multiple servers to work as a single logical unit for increased availability and performance

  • Question: Which programming languages are commonly used for developing applications on Application Servers?

A) HTML and CSS

B) Java, C#, and Python

C) JavaScript and PHP

D) SQL and PL/SQL

Answer: B) Java, C#, and Python

  • Question: In a microservices architecture, how do Application Servers typically interact with each other?

A) Through direct file transfers

B) Using email communication

C) Via RESTful APIs and network calls

D) Through centralized databases

Answer: C) Via RESTful APIs and network calls


 

Concept of traffic

analyzer (MRTG, PRTG, SNMP, Packet tracer, Wireshark).

  • Question: What is the primary purpose of a Traffic Analyzer in networking?

A) Managing network security

B) Analyzing and monitoring network traffic

C) Configuring routers and switches

D) Controlling bandwidth usage

Answer: B) Analyzing and monitoring network traffic

  • Question: Which protocol is commonly used for network monitoring and management, allowing devices to be queried for performance information?

A) HTTP

B) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

C) ICMP

D) FTP

Answer: B) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

  • Question: What does MRTG stand for in the context of network monitoring?

A) Multi-Router Traffic Grapher

B) Managed Real-Time Graphing

C) Multiple Routing and Traffic Generator

D) Modular Resource Tracking Graph

Answer: A) Multi-Router Traffic Grapher

  • Question: In PRTG Network Monitor, what is the role of a sensor?

A) Analyzing packet headers

B) Capturing network traffic

C) Monitoring a specific aspect of a device or network

D) Creating network topologies

Answer: C) Monitoring a specific aspect of a device or network

  • Question: What is the primary function of Packet Tracer in networking education and simulation?

A) Analyzing network traffic in real-time

B) Simulating and visualizing network configurations and behaviors

C) Monitoring SNMP traps

D) Capturing and decoding packet headers

Answer: B) Simulating and visualizing network configurations and behaviors

  • Question: Which layer of the OSI model does Wireshark operate at?

A) Application Layer

B) Transport Layer

C) Network Layer

D) Data Link Layer

Answer: D) Data Link Layer

  • Question: What type of information can Wireshark capture and analyze in a network?

A) Application-layer data

B) Packet headers and payloads

C) Network configurations

D) SNMP traps

Answer: B) Packet headers and payloads

  • Question: What is the primary benefit of using Wireshark in troubleshooting network issues?

A) Simulating network scenarios

B) Creating network topologies

C) Capturing and analyzing real-time network traffic

D) Monitoring SNMP devices

Answer: C) Capturing and analyzing real-time network traffic

  • Question: How does MRTG visualize network traffic data?

A) Through real-time packet capture

B) Using graphical charts and graphs

C) Through simulated network scenarios

D) With color-coded network maps

Answer: B) Using graphical charts and graphs

  • Question: In PRTG Network Monitor, what does the "Map Designer" feature allow users to do?

A) Analyze packet payloads

B) Simulate network traffic

C) Create custom network maps and dashboards

D) Monitor SNMP devices

Answer: C) Create custom network maps and dashboards