Physical Layer
5.1.Introduction to computer networks and physical layer
Networking model
Question 1:
In a client-server model, what is the role of the server?
A) Initiating requests
B) Responding to requests
C) Both initiating and responding to requests
D) None of the above
Answer:
B) Responding to requests
Question 2:
Which model is characterized by equal sharing of responsibilities and resources among all connected devices?
A) Client-Server Model
B) Peer-to-Peer Model
C) Hybrid Model
D) Mainframe Model
Answer:
B) Peer-to-Peer Model
Question 3:
In a client-server model, what is the primary function of the client?
A) Provide services to other clients
B) Request services from the server
C) Manage network resources
D) None of the above
Answer:
B) Request services from the server
Question 4:
Which model is often used in file-sharing networks, where each node has equal status?
A) Client-Server Model
B) Peer-to-Peer Model
C) Centralized Model
D) Distributed Model
Answer:
B) Peer-to-Peer Model
Question 5:
In a peer-to-peer network, what happens if one node fails?
A) The entire network fails
B) Only the failed node is affected
C) Other nodes can still communicate
D) Both B and C
Answer:
D) Both B and C
Question 6:
Which model is known for its centralized architecture, where a central authority manages and controls resources?
A) Client-Server Model
B) Peer-to-Peer Model
C) Hybrid Model
D) Ring Model
Answer:
A) Client-Server Model
Question 7:
In a client-server model, what is the role of the client in terms of processing?
A) Executes applications and processes data
B) Stores and manages databases
C) Manages network connections
D) All of the above
Answer:
A) Executes applications and processes data
Question 8:
Which model is typically more scalable and efficient for large-scale networks with numerous clients?
A) Client-Server Model
B) Peer-to-Peer Model
C) Both are equally scalable
D) It depends on the specific network requirements
Answer:
A) Client-Server Model
Question 9:
In a peer-to-peer model, how are resources typically managed?
A) Centralized control
B) Decentralized control
C) Managed by a dedicated server
D) Random allocation
Answer:
B) Decentralized control
Question 10:
Which model is commonly used in web applications where a user's browser interacts with a remote server?
A) Client-Server Model
B) Peer-to-Peer Model
C) Hybrid Model
D) Mesh Model
Answer:
A) Client-Server Model
Protocols and Standards
Question 1:
What is the purpose of a network protocol?
A) To define the physical layout of a network
B) To ensure data security on the network
C) To facilitate communication between devices on a network
D) To manage network hardware
Answer:
C) To facilitate communication between devices on a network
Question 2:
Which protocol is commonly used for retrieving emails from a mail server?
A) FTP
B) SMTP
C) POP3
D) HTTP
Answer:
C) POP3
Question 3:
What does the term "HTTP" stand for?
A) HyperText Transfer Protocol
B) High-Level Transfer Protocol
C) HyperText Transmission Protocol
D) High-Speed Transfer Protocol
Answer:
A) HyperText Transfer Protocol
Question 4:
Which organization is responsible for developing and maintaining the TCP/IP protocol suite?
A) ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
B) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
C) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
D) ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
Answer:
C) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
Question 5:
What is the purpose of the OSI model?
A) To define the TCP/IP protocol suite
B) To provide a conceptual framework for understanding network protocols
C) To standardize hardware components in a network
D) To ensure data encryption in communication
Answer:
B) To provide a conceptual framework for understanding network protocols
Question 6:
Which protocol is used for secure communication over a computer network?
A) FTPS
B) HTTPS
C) SNMP
D) ICMP
Answer:
B) HTTPS
Question 7:
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for translating between network addresses and physical addresses?
A) Network Layer
B) Transport Layer
C) Data Link Layer
D) Physical Layer
Answer:
C) Data Link Layer
Question 8:
What is the purpose of the DNS (Domain Name System) protocol?
A) To secure communication on the network
B) To translate domain names to IP addresses
C) To control network traffic
D) To manage hardware resources
Answer:
B) To translate domain names to IP addresses
Question 9:
Which standard is commonly used for wireless LAN communication?
A) Bluetooth
B) Ethernet
C) Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11)
D) USB
Answer:
C) Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11)
Question 10:
What is the primary function of the ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)?
A) To transfer files between devices
B) To manage network security
C) To diagnose network-related issues
D) To provide encryption for data transmission
Answer:
C) To diagnose network-related issues
OSI model
Question 1:
What is the primary purpose of the OSI model?
A) To provide a framework for designing network protocols
B) To specify the physical components of a network
C) To define the format of network messages
D) To manage network security
Answer:
A) To provide a framework for designing network protocols
Question 2:
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and routing?
A) Data Link Layer
B) Network Layer
C) Transport Layer
D) Presentation Layer
Answer:
B) Network Layer
Question 3:
In the TCP/IP model, what is the equivalent of the OSI model's Data Link and Physical layers?
A) Internet Layer
B) Transport Layer
C) Network Interface Layer
D) Application Layer
Answer:
C) Network Interface Layer
Question 4:
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating connections between applications?
A) Application Layer
B) Presentation Layer
C) Session Layer
D) Transport Layer
Answer:
C) Session Layer
Question 5:
What is the primary function of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model?
A) Error detection and correction
B) Logical addressing and routing
C) End-to-end communication
D) Physical addressing and access to the media
Answer:
D) Physical addressing and access to the media
Question 6:
Which protocol operates at the Transport Layer of the OSI model?
A) HTTP
B) IP
C) TCP
D) ARP
Answer:
C) TCP
Question 7:
In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for encryption and decryption?
A) Transport Layer
B) Presentation Layer
C) Application Layer
D) Network Layer
Answer:
B) Presentation Layer
Question 8:
What is the primary function of the Network Layer in the OSI model?
A) Error detection and correction
B) End-to-end communication
C) Physical addressing and access to the media
D) Data segmentation and reassembly
Answer:
B) End-to-end communication
Question 9:
Which layer of the OSI model is concerned with translating human-readable names into IP addresses?
A) Network Layer
B) Presentation Layer
C) Application Layer
D) Session Layer
Answer:
C) Application Layer
Question 10:
What is the purpose of the Physical Layer in the OSI model?
A) Logical addressing and routing
B) Error detection and correction
C) Physical addressing and access to the media
D) Data segmentation and reassembly
Answer:
C) Physical addressing and access to the media
TCP/IP model
Question 1:
Which layers of the TCP/IP model are responsible for host-to-host communication and data segmentation?
A) Application and Transport
B) Network and Transport
C) Data Link and Physical
D) Transport and Internet
Answer:
D) Transport and Internet
Question 2:
In the TCP/IP model, which layer is equivalent to the OSI model's Data Link Layer?
A) Internet Layer
B) Network Interface Layer
C) Transport Layer
D) Physical Layer
Answer:
B) Network Interface Layer
Question 3:
What is the primary function of the Transport layer in the TCP/IP model?
A) Logical addressing and routing
B) Data segmentation and reassembly
C) Physical addressing and access to the media
D) Error detection and correction
Answer:
B) Data segmentation and reassembly
Question 4:
Which protocol operates at the Transport layer of the TCP/IP model?
A) IP
B) UDP
C) HTTP
D) ICMP
Answer:
B) UDP
Question 5:
What is the role of the Internet layer in the TCP/IP model?
A) End-to-end communication
B) Logical addressing and routing
C) Data segmentation and reassembly
D) Error detection and correction
Answer:
B) Logical addressing and routing
Question 6:
In the TCP/IP model, which layer is responsible for providing communication services directly to the end-user applications?
A) Internet Layer
B) Transport Layer
C) Application Layer
D) Network Interface Layer
Answer:
C) Application Layer
Question 7:
Which layer in the TCP/IP model is responsible for resolving logical addresses (IP addresses) to physical addresses (MAC addresses)?
A) Application Layer
B) Network Interface Layer
C) Internet Layer
D) Transport Layer
Answer:
B) Network Interface Layer
Question 8:
Which protocol is commonly used for sending email in the TCP/IP model?
A) SMTP
B) FTP
C) HTTP
D) ICMP
Answer:
A) SMTP
Question 9:
What is the function of the Network Interface layer in the TCP/IP model?
A) Logical addressing and routing
B) Data segmentation and reassembly
C) Physical addressing and access to the media
D) Error detection and correction
Answer:
C) Physical addressing and access to the media
Question 10:
Which layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for formatting data for presentation to the user?
A) Application Layer
B) Internet Layer
C) Transport Layer
D) Data Link Layer
Answer:
A) Application Layer
Networking Devices (Hubs, Bridges, Switches, and Routers)
Question 1:
Which networking device operates at the Physical Layer of the OSI model and simply extends the network by repeating signals?
A) Hub
B) Switch
C) Router
D) Bridge
Answer:
A) Hub
Question 2:
What is the primary function of a bridge in a network?
A) Manages MAC addresses
B) Segments a network to reduce collision domains
C) Routes data between different networks
D) Manages IP addresses
Answer:
B) Segments a network to reduce collision domains
Question 3:
Which device operates at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to make forwarding decisions?
A) Hub
B) Switch
C) Router
D) Bridge
Answer:
B) Switch
Question 4:
What is the primary purpose of a router in a network?
A) Connects devices within the same local network
B) Extends the reach of a wireless network
C) Routes data between different networks
D) Manages IP addresses and DNS
Answer:
C) Routes data between different networks
Question 5:
Which device is known for creating multiple broadcast domains and operates at the Data Link Layer?
A) Hub
B) Switch
C) Router
D) Bridge
Answer:
B) Switch
Question 6:
What does a hub do with the data it receives?
A) Forwards it to all connected devices
B) Forwards it only to the intended recipient
C) Filters and manages IP addresses
D) Segments the data for efficient transmission
Answer:
A) Forwards it to all connected devices
Question 7:
Which device can connect multiple networks and use logical addressing for routing?
A) Hub
B) Switch
C) Router
D) Bridge
Answer:
C) Router
Question 8:
What is the primary purpose of a switch in a network?
A) Extends the wireless network range
B) Filters and forwards network packets from one networking device to other
C) Connects different types of networks
D) Routes data between different networks
Answer:
B) Filters and forwards network packets from one networking device to other
Question 9:
Which device is best suited for controlling broadcast traffic and dividing collision domains?
A) Hub
B) Switch
C) Router
D) Bridge
Answer:
B) Switch
Question 10:
What happens when a router receives data?
A) It forwards the data to all connected devices.
B) It filters the data based on MAC addresses.
C) It routes the data between different networks.
D) It segments the data for efficient transmission.
Answer:
C) It routes the data between different networks.
Transmission media
Question 1:
What is the primary function of transmission media in networking?
A) Data encryption
B) Data storage
C) Data transmission
D) Data processing
Answer:
C) Data transmission
Question 2:
Which of the following is an example of guided transmission media?
A) Twisted pair
B) Radio waves
C) Infrared signals
D) Microwaves
Answer:
A) Twisted pair
Question 3:
What is the advantage of using fiber optic cables for data transmission?
A) They are susceptible to electromagnetic interference.
B) They have a lower data transfer rate compared to copper cables.
C) They provide high bandwidth and are immune to electromagnetic interference.
D) They are inexpensive and easy to install.
Answer:
C) They provide high bandwidth and are immune to electromagnetic interference.
Question 4:
Which transmission media is commonly used for short-distance communication within a building or campus?
A) Coaxial cable
B) Fiber optic cable
C) Twisted pair
D) Satellite link
Answer:
C) Twisted pair
Question 5:
What is the main disadvantage of using unguided transmission media?
A) Limited bandwidth
B) Susceptibility to eavesdropping
C) High installation cost
D) Requires physical connection
Answer:
B) Susceptibility to eavesdropping
Question 6:
Which type of transmission medium is most commonly used for satellite communication?
A) Twisted pair
B) Coaxial cable
C) Microwaves
D) Fiber optic cable
Answer:
C) Microwaves
Question 7:
What is the purpose of shielding in coaxial cables?
A) To increase the data transfer rate
B) To protect against electromagnetic interference
C) To reduce the cost of installation
D) To increase the flexibility of the cable
Answer:
B) To protect against electromagnetic interference
Question 8:
Which transmission medium is suitable for high-speed data transfer over long distances, such as transoceanic communication?
A) Twisted pair
B) Coaxial cable
C) Fiber optic cable
D) Radio waves
Answer:
C) Fiber optic cable
Question 9:
Which type of transmission medium is used for communication between devices in close proximity, such as connecting a computer to a printer?
A) Fiber optic cable
B) Infrared signals
C) Microwaves
D) Radio waves
Answer:
B) Infrared signals
Question 10:
What is the main advantage of using wireless transmission media?
A) High data transfer rates
B) Immunity to signal attenuation
C) Flexibility and mobility
D) Low installation cost
Answer:
C) Flexibility and mobility